江南春季连阴雨的频数特征及其前期环流信号   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘高平  朱坚  杨开围  杨开斌 《气象科学》2015,35(4):474-479

围绕发生在江南地区的春季降水,旨在分析江南春雨发生频数的主要特征及其与前期的副热带急流和温带急流的联系。结果表明,江南春雨以持续4 d及以上的连阴雨为主(简称春季连阴雨),主要发生在13—27候,分布于(22.5~30 °N,105~120 °E)的江南地区。春季连阴雨发生频数在江南地区整体呈减少趋势,年际变率全场差异不大。江南春季连阴雨的主要时空异常模态表现为全场一致变化,其时间序列以年际变率为主并呈现多时间尺度特征。从前期信号来看,第13候(即春雨发生时)的前10天至前35天内,当持续存在偏弱的温带急流和偏北的副热带急流共同配置时,有利于春雨期连阴雨事件的发生。  相似文献   

Role of the subtropical westerly jet waveguide in a southern China heavy rainstorm in December 2013   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LI Chun  SUN Jilin 《大气科学进展》2015,32(5):601-612

An extreme rainstorm hit southern China during 13–17 December 2013, with a record-breaking daily rainfall rate, large spatial extent, and unusually long persistence. We examined what induced this heavy rainfall process, based on observed rainfall data and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data through composite and diagnostic methods. The results showed that a Rossby waveguide within the subtropical westerly jet caused the event. The Rossby wave originated from strong cold air intrusion into the subtropical westerly jet over the eastern Mediterranean. With the enhancement and northward shift of the Middle East westerly jet, the Rossby wave propagated slowly eastward and deepened the India–Burma trough, which transported a large amount of moisture from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea to southern China. Strong divergence in the upper troposphere, caused by the enhancement of the East Asian westerly jet, also favored the heavy rainfall process over Southeast China. In addition, the Rossby wave was associated with a negative-to-positive phase shift and enhancement of the North Atlantic Oscillation, but convergence in the eastern Mediterranean played the key role in the eastward propagation of the Rossby wave within the subtropical westerly jet.  相似文献   

Possible Causes of the Interdecadal Transition of the Somali Jet Around the Late 1990s          下载免费PDF全文

XIAO Ziniu  SHI Wenjing  YANG Ping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(2):214-227

This observational study demonstrates that the Somali jet(SMJ) experienced a notable interdecadal transition in not only its lower-level parts(< 850 hP a) but also its higher-level parts(850–600 h Pa) in the late 1990 s. The results also show that the jet at higher level is more significantly related to East Asian monsoon rainfall than that at lower level. Thus, a new whole-layer SMJ(WSMJ) index which includes variations of the higher-level jet is defined based on the average meridional wind speed at five levels(1000–600 h Pa). The interdecadal transition of the SMJ can be mainly attributed to the meridional thermal contrast anomalies near the equator which are associated with the three-pole pattern of the southern Indian Ocean.  相似文献   

中国东北龙卷研究:环境特征分析   总被引：28，自引：5，他引：23       下载免费PDF全文

王秀明  俞小鼎  周小刚 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,73(3):425-441

东北地区是中国龙卷相对多发区之一。为了了解中国东北龙卷发生的环境特征,基于常规观测资料、卫星观测资料、地面加密观测资料和模式分析资料分析了近十年发生在东北的13个龙卷个例的环境特征及龙卷环境形成的物理过程。结果表明,东北龙卷发生的环境具有如下特点:(1)龙卷多发生在东北冷涡背景下,直接影响系统为冷涡南侧次天气尺度短波槽,且常出现在槽区或前倾槽后;(2)较之夏季江淮流域和华南龙卷,东北龙卷环境温度直减率较大,700—500 hPa温差为20—22℃,850—500 hPa温差为30—33℃;(3)低层水汽含量及湿层厚度比江淮及华南龙卷显著偏低,地面露点温度可低至13℃,湿层厚度常在1.5 km以下,850 hPa露点温度多在8℃以下;(4)龙卷环境中常出现强低空急流(850—925 hPa风速16—20 m/s)和对流层中层急流(500 hPa风速20—25 m/s),且对流层中层急流通常与干下沉气流相伴。因此,低层(0—1 km)和深层(0—6 km)风垂直切变均强,低层风垂直切变约12.0×10^-3s^-1,深层风垂直切变大于4.0×10^-3s^-1。产生龙卷的对流风暴一般由边界层辐合线所触发,辐合线两侧温差不明显而露点差异明显,常表现为干线。也就是说,东北地区龙卷风暴主要由干线及其伴随的强边界层辐合触发。龙卷通常发生在傍晚前后,而从早晨的环境条件通常看不到龙卷可能发生的迹象,龙卷发生前几小时环境参数变化显著。有利于龙卷的环境条件形成过程中500 hPa急流和强低空急流的存在至关重要:随着500 hPa西北急流的增强,在中空西北急流的平流下温度直减率大值区东移,叠加到低层湿区之上;低空急流对暖湿空气的输送使低层显著增湿且温度直减率增大。傍晚发生的龙卷通常处于08时探空显示的低空湿舌西北侧100 km左右的干区中,傍晚龙卷发生时则位于当时的湿舌边缘。  相似文献   

2013年6月7日浙江省中北部暴雨过程诊断分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李进  丁婷  赵思楠  单晓龙 《气象》2015,41(10):1215-1221

利用欧洲中期预报中心(ECMWF)ERA Interim全球再分析资料（0.75°×0.75°）对2013年6月7日发生在浙江省中北部的暴雨过程进行了相关诊断分析。结果表明：这次暴雨是在高空短波小槽东移加深,底层西南涡东移发展的形势下发生的,同时浙江中北部暴雨区位于高低空急流耦合带;暴雨发生前700 hPa以下蕴含有大量的不稳定能量,随着西南涡的靠近而触发不稳定能量释放;对大气变量物理分解的环境场分析发现此次区域性暴雨过程具有一定的背景环境支持,同时在瞬变扰动场的异常下而诱发了暴雨,暴雨落区位于850 hPa扰动暖切辐合线上。  相似文献   

2009年早春南方地区一次高架雷暴天气过程的机理分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲍媛媛  康志明  李伦  黄小玉 《高原气象》2015,34(2):515-525

利用常规气象观测资料、6.7μm卫星水汽图像和TBB、闪电定位资料以及NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,对2009年3月3日南方地区一次高架雷暴天气过程进行诊断研究。结果表明,该过程主要影响系统是中低层低槽、低涡切变线、西南低空急流、南北支西风急流。低空急流造成暖湿气流输送和高空急流造成冷平流侵入是对流触发机制。近地层为层结稳定的"冷空气垫",位势不稳定出现在低空急流与中高层干冷气流之间,并因急流中的下沉运动得以加强;西南暖湿气流与其北部干冷气流在中低层形成湿斜压锋区,西南气流的下沉支和北方下沉气流汇合在近地层形成的东北风回流与上部西南风生成锋面次级环流圈及中高层上升气流与北支急流中的下沉气流耦合形成次级正环流圈有利于倾斜上升运动的发展;低空急流的强暖平流和水汽通量辐合、北支急流入口区右侧的强辐散和南支急流北侧的辐合均加强了中尺度上升运动。湿层浅薄、上下干层较为深厚、强垂直风切变、低层逆温、-20~0℃过冷水层气流强上升运动等有利于雷暴天气的发生。雷电和冰雹出现在TBB、低空急流风速、θse、水汽通量以及300 h Pa散度等值线密集区附近。  相似文献   

东亚副热带西风急流的时间演变特征及其与中国东部夏季降水的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张驰  范广洲  周定文  华维 《成都信息工程学院学报》2011,(6):590-600

为深入了解东亚副热带西风急流与中国天气系统之间的联系,利用1961-2007年美国国家环境预报中心（NCAR／NCEP）再分析月资料和同期中国596站的降水资料,运用经一纬向急流轴和区域平均两种定义方法分析了西风急流的时间演变特征及其与中国东部降水型的关系,结果表明：（1）两种方法对西风急流东西、南北位置转折时段的分析很接近,分别出现在20世纪80年代和70年代;对西风急流强度、南北位置周期的表征也很一致,分别为10-15年和5-10年。（2）当西风急流位置偏北（南）时,东部地区整层大气环流呈“南北上升中间下沉（南北下沉中间上升）”的形势,850hPa的流场和水汽通量输送都有利于华北地区（江淮河流）的降水,易于形成“南北多中间少（南北少中间多）”的雨带分布,推测这两种反相位雨型的间隔时间为2．5-5年;相比之下,急流东西位置和强度的周期性变化与东部局地降水存在一定联系。  相似文献   

Anomalous Midsummer Rainfall in Yangtze River-Huaihe River Valleys and Its Association with the East Asia Westerly Jet   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

XUAN Shouli  ZHANG Qingyun  SUN Shuqing 《大气科学进展》2011,28(2):387-397

In this study, the interannual and interdecadal relationship between midsummer Yangtze River-Huaihe River valley (YHRV) rainfall and the position of the East Asia westerly jet (EAWJ) were investigated. The midsummer YHRV rainfall was found to significantly increase after the 1980s. Moreover, the location of the EAWJ was found abnormally south of the climatic mean during 1980–2008 (ID2) compared to 1951–1979 (ID1). During ID2, associated with the southward movement of the EAWJ, an anomalous upper-level conver-gence occurred over middle-high latitudes (35°–55° N) and divergence occurred over lower latitudes (～30°N) of East Asia. Correspondingly, anomalous descending and ascending motion was observed in middle-high and lower latitudes along 90°–130° E, respectively, favoring more precipitation over YHRV. On an interan-nual time scale, the EAWJ and YHRV rainfall exhibited similar relationships during the two periods. When the EAWJ was centered abnormally southward, rainfall over YHRV tended to increase. However, EAWJ-related circulations were significantly different during the two periods. During ID1, the circulation of the southward-moving EAWJ exhibited alternating positive–negative–positive distributions from low to middle– high latitudes along the East Asian coast; the most significant anomaly appeared west of the Okhotsk Sea. However, during ID2 the EAWJ was more closely correlated with the tropical and subtropical circulations. Significant differences between ID1 and ID2 were also recorded sea surface temperatures (SSTs). During ID1, the EAWJ was influenced by the extratropical SST over the northern Pacific; however, the EAWJ was more significantly affected by the SST of the tropical western Pacific during ID2.  相似文献   

Has the East Asian Westerly Jet Experienced a Poleward Displacement in Recent Decades?   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

ZHANG Yaocun  HUANG Danqing 《大气科学进展》2011,28(6):1259-1265

Previous studies have suggested a poleward shift of the zonally averaged jet stream due to rapid warming over continents.However,the regional characteristics of the change in the jet stream are not yet understood.Here,we present evidence suggesting that the East Asian westerly jet did not shift poleward in past decades(1980-2004 relative to 1958-1979),both in winter and summer.Rather,the jet axis has moved southward in summer,but its meridional position is steady in winter.The main change of the jet stream in winter is the enhancement of its intensity.These changes in both summer and winter are consistent with the corresponding changes in the large meridional tropospheric temperature-gradient zone.Based on these results,we suggest that the changes of the jet stream over East Asia are unique and are different from the zonal mean jet stream over the Northern Hemisphere and over the North Atlantic region.  相似文献   

基于ＳＶＤ分解的太平洋及印度洋海温与华北旱涝的诊断          下载免费PDF全文

高雪娇  张桂梅 《陕西气象》2011,(3):1-6

2010年3月19日夜间到20日上午,大同地区遭受了长达十几个小时的大风灾害。本文利用常规探测资料、地面加密观测资料及NCEP／NCAR再分析资料从天气形势、物理量特征进行了诊断分析,结果表明：①高空强锋区和强冷平流是引发大风的主要影响系统。②地面热低压的稳定少动及冷锋前后强气压梯度区的建立是形成大风的关键。③地面冷锋前的上升运动与高空急流人口区次级环流上升气流的叠加,为深对流的发展提供了深厚的垂直环流发展条件;高空急流的动量下传加大了地面风速。④高空正涡度平流促进了地面气旋的发展。  相似文献